Clinical Cases Summaries.

QUESTION

 
Clinical Cases Summaries.
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Instructions
 
Write individual paragraphs (e.g., 4-7 sentences) that summarize each , including details on (1) case presentations. This should reflect all major items reviewed in class and be in the style of a scientific report (e.g., avoid first person and inserting your opinions of the material).
Include 1 sentence that describes what immunologic, microbiologic, or host factors played major roles in the case(s). End each summary with at least 5 bullet points with your thoughts on the class materials, including your opinions on interesting cases, findings, mechanisms, etc. from all the material covered (you may also format this as a few bullet points for each class instead).
Clinical Cases Summaries.Synergy #1. Pneumonia 1. Dr. Schieffelin ( look at ppt).
Clinical Cases Summaries.Synergy #2. Case Study #2. Dr. John Carlson/Allergy ( look at word document, this is from class sample. do not copy and paste it. Paraphrase it please).
 
ANSWER

Clinical Cases Summaries.Synergy #1: Pneumonia.

The male child aged two and a half years presented with a non-productive cough that had lasted for two to three weeks and a fever that had developed over the last seven to ten days. The PCP had diagnosed him with pneumonia and prescribed amoxicillin-clavulanate, but the child was returned to him after three days due to continued fever and cough. A chest x-ray indicated worsening of pneumonia and he gave him a ceftriaxone injection . They returned the following day and the child was admitted for intravenous antibiotics before being transferred to Tulane, at a time when the parents said that the child had started to improve. His lungs were clear with decreased breath sounds over the right upper lung. Laboratory results showed increased Mycoplasma pneumonia immunoglobulins G and M indicating that the cause of the pneumonia was mycoplasma

. The immunoglobulins played the role of fighting the antigen causing pneumonia.

  • For severe pneumonia infections, intravenous antibiotics should be preferred to oral antibiotics.
  • Laboratory investigations and other diagnostic tests are necessary for making a differential diagnosis of a patient.
  • For severe infections, admission should be considered on the first day of visiting the facility, to ensure close monitoring and effective treatment of the patient.
  • Side effects of antibiotics on patients should be managed appropriately.
  • Routine investigations and physical examination of a patient are key in establishing the patient’s prognosis.

 

 

Clinical Cases Summaries.Synergy #2: Case study.

Following a fire ant bite, neutrophils from the circulatory system rush to the injury site where the venom was deposited and create a pustule. After a period of around half an hour after lying on an oak tree, an individual feels aching in the armpit and groin as a result of drainage of lymph nodes to kill the venom of puss caterpillars

. The involvement of Th2 cells causes delayed hypersensitivity characterized by multiple itchy papules, which may result in spongiation after scratching, whereas the involvement of Th17 causes painful lesions. Spider venom paralyzes the prey and this is characterized by numbing of the injury site. Macrophages play a key role in neutralizing spider venom in the body. In cases of bites by venomous organisms like fire ants, puss caterpillars and spiders, mast cells play an immunologic role of defense against the antigens by detoxifying the venom in the body.

  • In case of a bite, its good to know the specific organism that caused the injury.
  • First-aid measures following a bite should be taken.
  • Knowledge of the body’s defense mechanisms is important for all healthcare workers when managing bites.
  • Healthcare workers should know how bites from different organisms present.
  • People should be educated on how to avoid frequent bites.
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