Question

(Environmental Scence/Plant Physiology and Anatomy)
Course Code: SBI3C1
Course Name: Biology-11 College preparation

Overall Expectations:
You will choose one of the following topics listed below or any topic from the unit environmental
Science/ Plant Anatomy and Physiology as discussed with Dr. Labana. You will prepare a Power
point of 5-7 slides at least on selected topic, which will include pictures and description. One-page
summary also, write separately. A bibliography is to be included at the end of the summary with a
variety of references.
You will write a separate paragraph on the benefit of your selected topic in your daily life/
career.

PowerPoint / 25 marks/App
Summary / 5 marks/Ku
Question / 5 marks /Think
My Topics: Plant Hormones

Answer

Plant Hormones Summary

Plant hormones are the controllers of movement, development, and growth. Besides inducing stem elongation, Gibberellins are used in rosette plant bolting. Therefore, plant hormones are chemical compounds acting at low amounts to influence development and growth.

Gibberellins

Gibberellins are regulators, just like auxins. They regulate general plant growth and cell division more so than auxins. Genetic defects that prevent the production or use of gibberellins occur in dwarf plants. A dwarf plant will expand to its usual size after exposure to more gibberellins. GA causes numerous enzymes to become active (Jan et al., 2019)

Ethylene

It's a solitary chemical, unlike other plant hormones. It gives plants a quick means to interact with other plants because they adopt a gaseous form at normal temperatures. Researchers discovered that the gas helps fruits to ripen. Plants generally contain ethylene. When a stem is broken, injured, or bent, they intervene. Ethylene is a gas that may move through the air and diffuse fast into the plant's fluids (Jan et al., 2019). This hormone is used by plants to signal damage to the rest, encouraging them to mature fruits and help to defend against herbivores.

Cytokinins

They directly interact with auxins to control several facets of cell metabolism and differentiation. They connect with the DNA of the plant to either cause it to conceal or express different proteins (Miransari et al., 2014). As a result, the plant's cells differentiate in a specific direction, enabling the development of various tissues.

Auxins

They are in charge of several processes in the growth of plants. They generally influence cell expansion and elongation. Additionally, they enable plants to exhibit phototropism, or the response to light, and geotropism, or the response to gravity (Davies, 2012). Besides establishing the plants' growth direction, auxins are necessary for developing the apical meristem.

Abscisic Acid

Abscisic acid was originally known as dormin because the process of dormancy depends greatly on plant hormones. The hormones are known to serve two primary plant purposes (Miransari et al., 2014). They control the growth of seeds first and aid in the embryo's development into a mature seedling. Also, hormones influence the way plants respond to water loss and temperature.

Application in real life

Important crops, including strawberries, watermelons, pineapples, and grapes, can be grown commercially with the assistance of plant hormones. Gibberellin, a derivative of gibberellic acid, helps to produce grapes. They are organic plant hormones that encourage flowering, stem lengthening, and the emergence of seeds from dormancy (Jan et al., 2019). The hormone is employed to narrow the flowers to reduce the competitive impact of early blossoming on vegetative growth. The berry size is also increased by 55%, thanks to the hormone. Gibberellin has additionally been utilized to create berries without seeds.