History Questions

2. Describe the events that led up to the creation of the Constitution.
The Articles of Confederation, the United States' initial system of government, were replaced by
the Constitution in light of its shortcomings. There was excessive autonomy for the states under
the Articles of Confederation, which resulted in poor relations between the states and a sense of
unease. The Constitution had to be written to solve such problems by giving the federal
administration additional authority to uphold the law and keep the peace.
3. Contrast the media′s watchdog role with their common-carrier role.
In its capacity as a watchdog, the media monitors and critiques the ruling regime and other
influential agencies. As a result, the powerful institutions and the government are kept
accountable and honest. On the other hand, the common-carrier role involves providing an open
stage for every opinion and voice regardless of their social standing.
4. Distinguish between a federal system, a unitary system, and a confederacy. What
circumstances led the framers of the Constitution to create a federal system?
Distinguish between the establishment clause and the free-exercise clause of the 1st
Amendment.
Power in a federal system is shared between a strong centralized administration
(government) and several subnational units. The term "unitary system" refers to a form of
governance in which all authority is vested in one body. A confederacy is a form of governance
where a collection of sovereign states shares executive authority. Here, there is no power
partitioning between the central government and smaller divisions of government. In order to
establish a national government capable of handling national concerns while also enabling each
individual state to maintain some authority, the Constitution's framers devised a federal system.

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As stated in the 1st Amendment's establishment clause, the state shall make no law respecting an
establishment of formal religions. The freedom to freely exercise one's religion is guaranteed
under the 1st Amendment's free-exercise clause.
5. Explain the different views of conservatives and liberals on how far government
should go to help the economically disadvantaged. Then, explain their differences on
how far government should go to promote traditional (cultural) values.
While every society has the economically disadvantaged, the Conservatives are against the
government’s involvement in uplifting their lives, and they opine that individuals ought to help
themselves. According to liberals, it is the work of governments to alleviate the suffering among
the economically disadvantaged. From their assertion, it is needless to leave the fellow
countrymen to suffer so much while the government has the capacity to assist. Similarly, the
Conservatives have no problem with the governmental involvement in the traditional values
promotion. They insist that these values are a strong basis under which a robust society exists.
Therefore, for a society to function effectively, the traditional values are necessary. Contrarily,
the Liberals are against any form of governmental involvement in promoting unique set of
cultural values as it would give one societal group an undue advantage over the other.
Furthermore, if the government starts to engage in the traditional values’ promotion, the Liberals
insist that this would end up violating the separation principle between the state and the church.
6. Explain the differences in method between inside and outside lobbying.
Lobbying from the inside is undertaken by a firm's own members or workers, whereas lobbying
from the outside is conducted by paid professionals. Furthermore, the cost of lobbying from the
inside is typically far lower than lobbying from the outside.